Wazalwa ngo-1997, iWi-Fi ibe nomthelela empilweni yomuntu kakhulu ukwedlula noma yimuphi omunye usaziwayo wakwaGen Z. Ukukhula okuzinzile nokuvuthwa kwayo kuye kwakhulula kancane kancane ukuxhumeka kwenethiwekhi kusukela kuhulumeni wasendulo wezintambo nezixhumi kuze kufike ezingeni lapho ukufinyelela kwe-inthanethi ye-wireless broadband—into engacabangeki ngezinsuku zokudayela—ivame ukuthathwa kalula.
Ngimdala ngokwanele ukukhumbula ukuchofoza okwanelisayo lapho ipulaki ye-RJ45 ibonise ukuxhumeka okuyimpumelelo kuma-multiverse aku-inthanethi akhula ngokushesha. Namuhla nginesidingo esincane sama-RJ45, futhi intsha egcwele ubuchwepheshe engibaziyo ingase ingazi ngobukhona bayo.
Ngama-60s nama-70s, i-AT&T yathuthukisa amasistimu wokuxhuma amamojula ukuze amiselele izixhumi zefoni ezinkulu. Lezi zinhlelo kamuva zanwetshwa ukuze zifake i-RJ45 yokuxhumana ngamakhompyutha
Okuncamelayo kwe-Wi-Fi phakathi komphakathi jikelele akumangazi nakancane; Izintambo ze-Ethernet zibonakala zingenangqondo uma ziqhathaniswa nokusebenziseka kalula kwe-wireless. Kepha njengonjiniyela othintekayo ngokusebenza kwe-datalink, ngisabona i-Wi-Fi njengengaphansi koxhumano olunezintambo. Ingabe i-802.11 izoletha i-Wi-Fi isinyathelo-noma mhlawumbe ngisho nokugxuma-eduze ekususeni ngokuphelele i-Ethernet?
Isingeniso Esifushane Samazinga e-Wi-Fi: I-Wi-Fi 6 ne-Wi-Fi 7
I-Wi-Fi 6 igama elishicilelwe le-IEEE 802.11ax. Igunyazwe ngokugcwele ngasekuqaleni kuka-2021, futhi izuza eminyakeni engaphezu kwamashumi amabili yentuthuko enqwabelene kuphrothokholi ye-802.11, i-Wi-Fi 6 iyindinganiso esabekayo engabonakali njengekhandidethi yokushintshwa ngokushesha.
Okuthunyelwe kubhulogi okuvela ku-Qualcomm kufingqa i-Wi-Fi 6 “njengeqoqo lezici nezinqubo ezihloselwe ukushayela idatha eningi ngangokunokwenzeka kumadivayisi amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka ngesikhathi esisodwa.” I-Wi-Fi 6 yethule amakhono athuthukile ahlukahlukene athuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nokwandisa ukuphuma, okuhlanganisa ukuphindaphinda kwesizinda se-frequency, i-uplink yabasebenzisi abaningi i-MIMO, kanye nokuhlukana okunamandla kwamaphakethe wedatha.
I-Wi-Fi 6 ihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe be-OFDMA (i-orthogonal frequency division multiple access), okwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-spectral ezindaweni ezinabasebenzisi abaningi.
Kungani, pho, iqembu elisebenzayo le-802.11 selivele lisendleleni yokuthuthukisa izinga elisha? Kungani sesivele sibona izihloko zezindaba mayelana nedemo yokuqala ye-Wi-Fi 7? Naphezu kokuqoqwa kwayo kobuchwepheshe berediyo besimanje, i-Wi-Fi 6 ibonwa, okungenani ezindaweni ezithile, njengecindezela ezicini ezimbili ezibalulekile: isilinganiso sedatha nokubambezeleka.
Ngokuthuthukisa izinga ledatha nokusebenza kokubambezeleka kwe-Wi-Fi 6, abaklami be-Wi-Fi 7 bathemba ukuletha ulwazi lomsebenzisi olusheshayo, olubushelelezi, oluthembekile oselufinyelelwa kalula ngamakhebula e-Ethernet.
Izilinganiso Zedatha vs. Ukubambezeleka Mayelana Nezimiso Ze-Wi-Fi
I-Wi-Fi 6 isekela amazinga okudluliswa kwedatha asondela ku-10 Gbps. Ukuthi lokhu "kuhle ngokwanele" ngomqondo ophelele kuwumbuzo oncike kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngomqondo olinganiselwe, amanani edatha ye-Wi-Fi 6 awalungi ngokuyikho: I-Wi-Fi 5 ithole ukukhuphuka kwezinga ledatha okuyinkulungwane eyodwa uma kuqhathaniswa neyandulelayo, kuyilapho i-Wi-Fi 6 inyuse izinga ledatha ngamaphesenti angaphansi kwamashumi amahlanu. uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Wi-Fi 5.
Izinga ledatha yokusakaza okucatshangwayo aliyona neze indlela ephelele yokulinganisa “isivinini” soxhumano lwenethiwekhi, kodwa libaluleke ngokwanele ukuze lifanele ukunakwa okuseduze kwalabo abanomthwalo wemfanelo wempumelelo yezohwebo eqhubekayo ye-Wi-Fi.
Ukuqhathaniswa kwezizukulwane ezintathu ezedlule zamaphrothokholi enethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi
Ukubambezeleka njengomqondo ojwayelekile kusho ukubambezeleka phakathi kokufaka nokuphendula.
Kumongo wokuxhumana kwenethiwekhi, ukubambezeleka okweqile kungehlisa ulwazi lomsebenzisi ngendlela (noma ngisho nangaphezulu) izinga ledatha elilinganiselwe—ukudluliselwa kwezinga elincane elishisayo akusizi kangako uma kufanele ulinde imizuzwana emihlanu ngaphambi kwekhasi lewebhu. iqala ukulayisha. Ukubambezeleka kubaluleke kakhulu ezinhlelweni zesikhathi sangempela ezifana nenkomfa ngevidiyo, into engekho ngokoqobo, amageyimu, nokulawula okokusebenza okude. Abasebenzisi banesineke esingaka kuphela samavidiyo acwebezelayo, imidlalo exegayo, nezixhumi ezibonakalayo zemishini.
I-Wi-Fi 7's Data Rate kanye nokubambezeleka
Umbiko Wokugunyazwa Kwephrojekthi we-IEEE 802.11be uhlanganisa kokubili izinga ledatha elikhuphukile kanye nokubambezeleka okuncishisiwe njengezinjongo ezisobala. Ake sibhekisise lezi zindlela ezimbili zokuthuthukisa.
Isilinganiso Sedatha kanye Nokuguqulwa Kwe-Quadrature Amplitude
Abaklami be-Wi-Fi 7 bafuna ukubona umthamo omkhulu wokudlula okungenani ongu-30 Gbps. Asazi ukuthi yiziphi izici nezindlela ezizofakwa esilinganisweni esiqediwe se-802.11be, kodwa amanye amakhandidethi athembisa kakhulu ekukhuphuleni izinga ledatha ububanzi besiteshi esingu-320 MHz, ukusebenza kwezixhumanisi eziningi, kanye nokushintshwa kwe-4096-QAM.
Ngokufinyelela izinsiza ezengeziwe ze-spectrum kusuka kubhendi ye-6 GHz, i-Wi-Fi ingakhuphula kalula ububanzi besiteshi bube ngu-320 MHz. Ububanzi besiteshi obungu-320 MHz bukhuphula umkhawulokudonsa ophezulu kanye nezinga ledatha eliphakeme lomcabango ngesici sokubili okuhlobene ne-Wi-Fi 6.
Ekusebenzeni kwezixhumanisi eziningi, iziteshi zamaklayenti amaningi anezixhumanisi zawo zisebenza ngokuhlanganyela “njengamadivayisi anezixhumanisi eziningi” anokusebenzelana okukodwa kusendlalelo sokulawula isixhumanisi esinengqondo. I-Wi-Fi 7 izoba nokufinyelela kumabhendi amathathu (2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, kanye no-6 GHz); idivayisi ye-Wi-Fi 7 enezixhumanisi eziningi ingathumela futhi yamukele idatha ngesikhathi esisodwa kumabhendi amaningi. Ukusebenza kwezixhumanisi eziningi kunethuba lokukhuphuka okukhulu kokusebenza, kodwa kuhilela izinselelo ezithile ezibalulekile zokuqaliswa.
Ekusebenzeni kwezixhumanisi eziningi, idivayisi yezixhumanisi eziningi inekheli elilodwa le-MAC nakuba lihlanganisa i-STA engaphezu kweyodwa (emele isiteshi, okusho ukuthi idivayisi yokuxhumana efana nekhompuyutha ephathekayo noma i-smartphone)
I-QAM imele i-quadrature amplitude modulation. Lolu uhlelo lwe-I/Q lokumodulation lapho izinhlanganisela ezithile zesigaba ne-amplitude zihambisana nokulandelana okuhlukile kanambambili. Singakwazi (ngokombono) ukwandisa inani lamabhithi adluliselwa ngophawu ngalunye ngokwandisa inombolo yamaphoyinti esigaba/e-amplitude “kumlaza” wesistimu (bona umdwebo ongezansi).
Lona umdwebo womlaza we-16-QAM. Umbuthano ngamunye endizeni eyinkimbinkimbi umele inhlanganisela yesigaba/ye-amplitude ehambisana nenombolo kanambambili echazwe ngaphambilini
I-Wi-Fi 6 isebenzisa i-1024-QAM, esekela amabhithi angu-10 ngophawu ngalunye (ngoba 2^10 = 1024). Ngokushintshwa kwe-4096-QAM, isistimu ingadlulisela amabhithi ayi-12 ngophawu ngalunye—uma ingakwazi ukuzuza i-SNR eyanele kumamukeli ukuze inike amandla ukudilizwa okuphumelelayo.
I-Wi-Fi 7 Izici zokubambezeleka:
Isendlalelo se-MAC kanye Nesendlalelo se-PHY
I-threshold yokusebenza okuthembekile kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zesikhathi sangempela yi-latency embi kakhulu engu-5–10 ms; Ukubambezeleka okuphansi njengo-1 ms kunenzuzo kwezinye izimo zokusetshenziswa. Ukuthola ukubambezeleka ngale ndlela ephansi endaweni ye-Wi-Fi akuwona umsebenzi olula.
Izici ezisebenza kukho kokubili isendlalelo se-MAC (ukulawula ukufinyelela okumaphakathi) kanye nesendlalelo esibonakalayo (PHY) zizosiza ukuletha ukusebenza kokubambezeleka kwe-Wi-Fi 7 endaweni engaphansi kwe-10 ms. Lokhu kufaka phakathi iphoyinti lokufinyelela eliningi elididiyelwe, inethiwekhi ezwela isikhathi, nokusebenza kwezixhumanisi eziningi.
Izici ezibalulekile ze-Wi-Fi 7
Ucwaningo lwakamuva lubonisa ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwezixhumanisi eziningi, okufakwe phakathi kwesihloko esivamile somsebenzi wezixhumanisi eziningi, kungase kube usizo ekunikeni amandla i-Wi-Fi 7 ukuze kwanelise izimfuneko zokubambezeleka zezinhlelo zokusebenza zesikhathi sangempela.
Ikusasa le-Wi-Fi 7?
Asazi okwamanje ukuthi izobukeka kanjani i-Wi-Fi 7, kodwa ngokungangabazeki izohlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obusha be-RF obuhlaba umxhwele kanye namasu okucubungula idatha. Ingabe yonke i-R&D izofaneleka? Ingabe i-Wi-Fi 7 izoguqula ukunethiwekha okungenantambo futhi inciphise nakanjani izinzuzo ezimbalwa ezisele zezintambo ze-Ethernet? Zizwe ukhululekile ukwabelana ngemicabango yakho esigabeni sokuphawula esingezansi.
