I-RTLS isifinyezo se-Real Time Location Systems.
I-RTLS iyindlela ye-radiolocation esekwe kusignali engase isebenze noma ingenzi lutho. Phakathi kwazo, okusebenzayo kuhlukaniswe nge-AOA (i-Angle yokufika) kanye ne-TDOA (indawo yokuhluka kwesikhathi sokufika), i-TOA(isikhathi sokufika), i-TW-TOF(isikhathi sendiza yezindlela ezimbili), i-NFER(i-near-field electromagnetic range) nokunye. ku.
Uma sikhuluma ngokuma, wonke umuntu uzoqala acabange nge-GPS, okusekelwe ku-GNSS(Global Navigation Satellite System) ukuma kwesathelayithi bekukhona yonke indawo, kodwa ukuma kwesathelayithi kunemikhawulo yako: isignali ayikwazi ukungena esakhiweni ukuze ifinyelele indawo yangaphakathi.
Ngakho, indlela yokuxazulula inkinga yokubeka endlini?
Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwesidingo semakethe yokubeka endaweni yasendlini esiqhutshwayo kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuxhumana okungenantambo, ubuchwepheshe bokuhlonza izinzwa nobuchwepheshe obukhulu bokuxhumanisa idatha, i-inthanethi Yezinto nobunye ubuchwepheshe, le nkinga isixazululiwe kancane kancane, futhi uchungechunge lwezimboni luye lwanothiswa ngokuqhubekayo futhi lwavuthwa.
Ubuchwepheshe bokumisa ngaphakathi kwe-Bluetooth
Ubuchwepheshe basendlini be-Bluetooth wukusebenzisa izindawo eziningi zokufinyelela ze-Bluetooth LAN ezifakwe ekamelweni, ukugcina inethiwekhi njengemodi yoxhumano lwenethiwekhi esekelwe kubasebenzisi abaningi, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi indawo yokungena ye-Bluetooth LAN ihlala iyidivayisi eyinhloko yenethiwekhi encane, futhi bese uphinda unxantathu inodi eyimpumputhe esanda kufakwa ngokulinganisa amandla esignali.
Njengamanje, kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuthola i-Bluetooth iBeacon: ngokusekelwe ku-RSSI(inkomba yamandla esignali etholiwe) futhi isekelwe ekumiseni izigxivizo zeminwe, noma inhlanganisela yakho kokubili.
Inkinga enkulu esekelwe ebangeni ukuthi indawo yasendlini iyinkimbinkimbi, futhi i-Bluetooth, njengesignali ye-2.4GHZ high-frequency, izophazanyiswa kakhulu. Ngokungeziwe ekuboniseni okuhlukahlukene kwangaphakathi kanye nokuphikiswa, amanani e-RSSI atholwe ngomakhalekhukhwini awalona inani elikhulu lereferensi; Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunemba kokumisa, inani le-RSSI kufanele litholakale izikhathi eziningana ukuze bushelelezi imiphumela, okusho ukuthi ukubambezeleka kuyanda. Inkinga enkulu esekelwe ekubekeni izigxivizo zeminwe ukuthi izindleko zabasebenzi kanye nezindleko zesikhathi zokuthola idatha yezigxivizo zeminwe ngesikhathi sokuqala ziphezulu kakhulu, futhi ukugcinwa kwedathabhesi kunzima. Futhi uma isitolo sengeza isiteshi esisha esiyisisekelo noma senza ezinye izinguquko, idatha yoqobo yezigxivizo zeminwe ingase ingasasebenzi. Ngakho-ke, indlela yokukala nokukhetha phakathi kokunemba kokubeka, ukubambezeleka kanye nezindleko sekuyinkinga enkulu yokuma kwe-Bluetooth.
Ukungalungi: Ukudluliswa kwe-Bluetooth akuthintwa umugqa wokubona, kodwa ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi zasemkhathini, ukuzinza kwesistimu ye-Bluetooth kubi kancane, kuphazanyiswa amasignali omsindo, futhi intengo yamadivaysi e-Bluetooth kanye nemishini ibiza kakhulu;
Isicelo: Ukuma kwe-Bluetooth endlini kusetshenziswa kakhulu ukuthola abantu endaweni encane, njengehholo elinesitezi esisodwa noma isitolo.
Ubuchwepheshe bendawo ye-Wi-Fi
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zobuchwepheshe bokumisa i-WiFi, eyodwa ingenxa yamandla esignali engenantambo yamadivayisi eselula kanye nezindawo ezintathu zokufinyelela kunethiwekhi engenazintambo, ngokusebenzisa i-algorithm ehlukile, ukucacisa ngokunembe kakhudlwana indawo yabantu nezimoto. Okunye ukurekhoda amandla esignali yenani elikhulu lamaphoyinti anqunywe indawo kusenesikhathi, ngokuqhathanisa amandla esignali emishini esanda kufakwa nedathabheyisi enkulu yedatha ukuze kutholakale indawo.
Izinzuzo: ukunemba okuphezulu, izindleko eziphansi zehadiwe, izinga eliphezulu lokudlulisela; Ingasetshenziselwa ukufeza imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi yokubeka, ukuqapha nokulandelela.
Ukungalungi: Ibanga elifushane lokudlulisela, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphezulu, ngokuvamile i-topology yenkanyezi.
Isicelo: Ukuma kwe-WiFi kulungele ukubekwa nokuhamba kwabantu noma izimoto, futhi kungasetshenziswa ezikhungweni zezokwelapha, amapaki etimu, amafekthri, izitolo ezinkulu kanye nezinye izikhathi ezidinga ukuma nokuhamba.
Ubuchwepheshe be-RFID bokubeka ngaphakathi endlini
Ubuchwepheshe bokumisa i-Radio frequency identification (RFID) busebenzisa imodi yefrikhwensi yomsakazo, i-antenna engaguquki ukulungisa isignali yomsakazo endaweni kagesi kagesi, ilebula enamathiselwe entweni endaweni kazibuthe ngemuva kokungeniswa kwamanje okukhiqizwa ukudlulisa idatha ngaphandle, ukuze ukushintshanisa idatha ngokuxhumana okuningi okubili ukuze kuzuzwe inhloso yokuhlonza kanye nonxantathu.
I-Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) iwubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana obungenawaya obukwazi ukuhlonza okuqondiwe okuthile ngamasignali omsakazo futhi ifunde futhi ibhale idatha ehlobene ngaphandle kwesidingo sokusungula ukuthintana kwemishini noma kokubona phakathi kwesistimu yokuhlonza kanye nalokho okuqondiwe.
Amasignali omsakazo adlulisa idatha esuka kuthegi enamathiselwe entweni ngenkundla kazibuthe kagesi eshuthelwe kumaza omsakazo ukuze kubonakale ngokuzenzekelayo futhi kulandelelwe into leyo. Uma amanye amalebula ebonwa, amandla angatholwa endaweni kazibuthe kagesi ekhishwa isihlonzi, futhi amabhethri awadingeki; Kukhona namathegi anomthombo wawo wamandla futhi angakhipha amaza omsakazo (izinkambu zikagesi ezishunselwe amaza omsakazo). Amathegi aqukethe ulwazi olugcinwe nge-elekthronikhi olungabonakala phakathi kwamamitha ambalwa. Ngokungafani namabha amakhodi, amathegi e-RF awadingi ukuthi abe semgqeni wokubona isihlonzi futhi angashumeka entweni elandelelwayo.
Izinzuzo: Ubuchwepheshe be-RFID bokumisa endlini busondele kakhulu, kodwa bungathola ulwazi lokunemba lokuma kwesentimitha ngama-millisecond ambalwa; Usayizi welebula mncane uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi izindleko ziphansi.
Ububi: alikho ikhono lokuxhumana, ikhono eliphansi lokulwa nokuphazamiseka, akulula ukulihlanganisa kwezinye izinhlelo, futhi ukuphepha komsebenzisi nokuvikelwa kobumfihlo kanye nokumiswa kwamazwe ngamazwe akuphelele.
Isicelo: Ukuma kwe-RFID kwangaphakathi kusetshenziswe kabanzi ezindaweni zokugcina izimpahla, izimboni, izitolo ezinkulu ekugelezeni kwezimpahla, ukuma kwempahla.
I-Zigbee indoor positioning technology
I-ZigBee (iphrothokholi ye-LAN yamandla aphansi esekelwe ku-IEEE802.15.4 ejwayelekile) ubuchwepheshe bokumisa endlini bakha inethiwekhi phakathi kwenani lamanodi okufanele ahlolwe kanye namanodi ayinkomba kanye nesango. Amanodi azohlolwa kunethiwekhi athumela ulwazi lokusakaza, aqoqe idatha kusuka endaweni eyireferensi ngayinye eseduze, bese ukhetha izixhumanisi zika-X kanye no-Y zenodi yesithenjwa enesignali enamandla kakhulu. Bese, izixhumanisi zamanye ama-node ahlotshaniswa ne-reference node ayabalwa. Okokugcina, idatha esenjini yokumisa iyacutshungulwa, futhi inani le-offset elivela ku-node yereferensi eseduze libhekwa ukuze lithole isikhundla sangempela se-node ngaphansi kokuhlolwa kunethiwekhi enkulu.
Isendlalelo sephrothokholi ye-ZigBee ukusuka phansi kuya phezulu ungqimba olubonakalayo (PHY), isendlalelo sokufinyelela kumidiya (MAC), isendlalelo senethiwekhi (NWK), isendlalelo sohlelo lokusebenza (APL) nokunye. Amadivayisi enethiwekhi anemisebenzi emithathu: I-ZigBee Coordinator, ZigBee Router, kanye ne-ZigBee End Device. Ama-topology enethiwekhi angaba inkanyezi, isihlahla, kanye nenethiwekhi.
Izinzuzo: ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi, izindleko eziphansi, ukubambezeleka okufushane, umthamo ophezulu nokuvikeleka okuphezulu, ibanga elide lokudlulisela; Ingakwazi ukusekela i-topology yenethiwekhi, i-topology yesihlahla kanye nesakhiwo se-star topology, inethiwekhi iyavumelana nezimo, futhi ingabona ukudluliswa kwe-multi-hop.
Ukubi: Izinga lokudlulisela liphansi, futhi ukunemba kokuma kudinga ama-algorithms aphezulu.
Isicelo: i-zigbee system positioning isetshenziswe kakhulu ekumiseni kwangaphakathi, ekulawuleni izimboni, ukuqapha imvelo, ukulawula ikhaya elihlakaniphile neminye imikhakha.
UWB positioning technology
Ubuchwepheshe bokumisa i-Ultra wideband (UWB) ubuchwepheshe obusha, obuhluke kakhulu kubuchwepheshe bokubeka endaweni yezokuxhumana obuvamile. Isebenzisa amahange ahlelwe kusengaphambili namanodi ebhuloho anezindawo ezaziwayo ukuze ixhumane nama-blind node asanda kwengezwa, futhi isebenzisa unxantathu noma indawo "yezigxivizo zeminwe" ukuze inqume indawo.
Ubuchwepheshe obungenawaya be-Ultra-wideband (UWB) buwubuchwepheshe obunembayo obuphezulu bokumisa okungenantambo endlini obuhlongozwe eminyakeni yamuva, obunezinga eliphezulu le-danosecond lesinqumo sesikhathi, kuhlanganiswe ne-algorithm yokufika esuselwa kusikhathi sokufika, ngokombono bungafinyelela ukunemba kokuma kwezinga lesentimitha, engahlangabezana nezidingo zokubeka izicelo zezimboni.
Lonke uhlelo luhlukaniswe izingqimba ezintathu: ungqimba lokuphatha, ungqimba lwenkonzo kanye nesendlalelo sensimu. Ukuhlelwa kwesistimu kuhlukaniswe ngokucacile futhi isakhiwo sicacile.
Isendlalelo senkundla sakhiwe indawo yokubeka i-Anchor kanye ne-Tag yokuma:
· Thola i-Anchor
Ihange lendawo libala ibanga eliphakathi kwethegi nayo uqobo, bese lithumela amaphakethe emuva enjini yokubala yendawo ngemodi yentambo noma ye-WLAN.
· Ithegi yendawo
Ithegi ihlotshaniswa nomuntu kanye nento etholakalayo, ixhumana ne-Anchor futhi isakaza indawo yayo.
Izinzuzo: umkhawulokudonsa we-GHz, ukunemba kokuma okuphezulu; Ukungena okuqinile, umphumela omuhle we-anti-multipath, ukuphepha okuphezulu.
Ukungalungi: Ngenxa yokuthi i-node eyimpumputhe esanda kufakwa nayo idinga ukuxhumana okusebenzayo, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuphezulu, futhi izindleko zesistimu ziphezulu.
Isicelo: Ubuchwepheshe be-Ultra-wideband bungasetshenziselwa ukutholwa kwe-radar, kanye nokuma okunembile kwangaphakathi nokuzulazula emikhakheni ehlukahlukene.
Isistimu yokumisa ye-ultrasonic
Ubuchwepheshe be-ultrasonic positioning busekelwe ohlelweni oluhlukanisayo lwe-ultrasonic futhi lwathuthukiswa inani lama-transponder kanye ne-rangefinder eyinhloko: i-rangefinder eyinhloko ibekwa entweni ezolinganiswa, i-transponder idlulisela isignali yomsakazo efanayo endaweni engashintshi ye-transponder, i-transponder idlulisela isignali ye-ultrasonic kusitholi sebanga esikhulu ngemva kokuthola isignali, futhi isebenzisa indlela yokubonisa ibanga kanye ne-algorithm ye-triangulation ukuze inqume indawo yento.
Izinzuzo: Ukunemba okuphelele kokuma kuphezulu kakhulu, kufinyelela ezingeni lesentimitha; Isakhiwo silula, sinokungena okuthile futhi i-ultrasonic ngokwayo inekhono eliqinile lokulwa nokuphazamiseka.
Ukungalungi: ukunciphisa okukhulu emoyeni, okungafaneleki ngezikhathi ezinkulu; Ububanzi bokubonisa buthintwa kakhulu umphumela we-multipath kanye nokusakazwa okungekona komugqa wokubona, okubangela ukutshalwa kwezimali kwezakhiwo eziyisisekelo zehadiwe ezidinga ukuhlaziywa okunembile nokubala, futhi izindleko ziphezulu kakhulu.
Isicelo: Ubuchwepheshe bokubeka i-Ultrasonic buye basetshenziswa kakhulu kumapeni edijithali, futhi ubuchwepheshe obunjalo bubuye busetshenziswe ekuhloleni phesheya kwezilwandle, futhi ubuchwepheshe bokubeka endaweni yasendlini busetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukubeka into kuma-workshops angenamuntu.
