I-RTLS sisishunqulelo seNkqubo yeNdawo yeXesha lokwenyani.
I-RTLS yindlela yerediyo esekwe kumqondiso enokuthi isebenze okanye iyenze. Phakathi kwazo, esebenzayo yahlulwe ibe yi-AOA (i-Angle yokufika) kunye ne-TDOA (ixesha lokufika umahluko), i-TOA (ixesha lokufika), i-TW-TOF (ixesha lokubhabha leendlela ezimbini), i-NFER (i-electromagnetic esukela kufutshane nentsimi) njalo njalo. kwi.
Ukuthetha malunga nokumiswa, wonke umntu uya kuqala acinge nge-GPS, esekwe kwi-GNSS(i-Global Navigation Satellite System) indawo yesathelayithi ibikuyo yonke indawo, kodwa indawo yesathelayithi inemida yayo: isiginali ayinakungena kwisakhiwo ukufezekisa indawo yangaphakathi.
Ngoko, indlela yokusombulula ingxaki yokubeka indawo yangaphakathi?
Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lwemfuno yemarike yokubeka indawo yangaphakathi eqhutywa kunye netekhnoloji yonxibelelwano engenazingcingo, itekhnoloji yokuchonga inzwa kunye netekhnoloji enkulu yonxibelelwano lwedatha, i-Intanethi yeZinto kunye nobunye ubuchwepheshe, le ngxaki iye yasonjululwa ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye ikhonkco leshishini liye latyetyiswa ngokuqhubekayo kwaye liqolile.
Itekhnoloji yokubeka indawo yangaphakathi yeBluetooth
Itekhnoloji yeBluetooth yangaphakathi kukusebenzisa iindawo ezininzi zofikelelo zeBluetooth LAN ezifakwe kwigumbi, gcina uthungelwano njengemowudi yoqhagamshelo olusisiseko lwabasebenzisi abaninzi, kwaye uqinisekise ukuba indawo yofikelelo yeBluetooth LAN ihlala isesona sixhobo siphambili senethiwekhi encinci, kwaye emva koko unxantathu indawo eyimfama esandula ukongezwa ngokulinganisa amandla omqondiso.
Okwangoku, zimbini iindlela eziphambili zokufumana i-iBeacon yeBluetooth: esekwe kwi-RSSI (isibonakaliso samandla esifunyenweyo esifunyenweyo) kwaye kusekwe kwindawo yokubeka umnwe, okanye indibaniselwano yazo zombini.
Ingxaki enkulu esekelwe kumgama kukuba indawo yangaphakathi iyinkimbinkimbi, kwaye iBluetooth, njenge-2.4GHZ i-high-frequency signal, iya kuphazamiseka kakhulu. Ukongeza kwimiboniso eyahlukeneyo yangaphakathi kunye nokuchaswa, amaxabiso e-RSSI afunyenwe ngeefowuni eziphathwayo azikho ixabiso elikhulu lereferensi; Ngexesha elifanayo, ukwenzela ukuba kuphuculwe ukuchaneka kokumisa, ixabiso le-RSSI kufuneka lifumaneke amaxesha amaninzi ukulungelelanisa iziphumo, oku kuthetha ukuba ukulibaziseka kwanda. Ingxaki enkulu esekelwe ekumiseni iminwe yeminwe kukuba iindleko zomsebenzi kunye neendleko zexesha lokufumana idatha yeminwe kwinqanaba lokuqala liphezulu kakhulu, kwaye ukugcinwa kwedatha kunzima. Kwaye ukuba ivenkile yongeza isikhululo esitsha sesiseko okanye yenza ezinye izilungiso, idatha yokuqala yeminwe isenokungasasebenzi. Ke ngoko, indlela yokulinganisa kunye nokukhetha phakathi kokuchaneka kokubeka, ukulibaziseka kunye neendleko kuye kwaba ngumba ophambili wokumiswa kweBluetooth.
Ukungalungi: Ukuhanjiswa kweBluetooth akuchaphazeli umgca wokubona, kodwa kwiindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi zendawo, ukuzinza kweBluetooth inkqubo ihlupheke kancinane, iphazamiseke ngemiqondiso yengxolo, kwaye ixabiso lezixhobo zeBluetooth kunye nezixhobo zibiza kakhulu;
Isicelo: Ukuma kweBluetooth ngaphakathi kusetyenziswa ikakhulu ukufumana abantu kwindawo encinci, njengeholo enomgangatho omnye okanye ivenkile.
Itekhnoloji yendawo yeWi-Fi
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zetekhnoloji yokubeka i-WiFi, enye ingokuqina kophawu olungenazingcingo lwezixhobo eziphathwayo kunye neendawo ezintathu zokufikelela kwinethiwekhi engenazingcingo, nge-algorithm yokwahlulahlula, ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo indawo yabantu kunye nezithuthi. Enye kukurekhoda amandla omqondiso wenani elikhulu lamanqaku anqunywe kwindawo kwangaphambili, ngokuthelekisa amandla omqondiso wezixhobo ezisanda kufakwa kunye nedatha enkulu yedatha ukumisela indawo.
Izinto eziluncedo: ukuchaneka okuphezulu, ixabiso eliphantsi le-hardware, izinga eliphezulu lokudluliselwa; Ingasetyenziselwa ukuphumeza imisebenzi enzima yokubeka, ukubeka iliso kunye nokulandela umkhondo.
Izinto ezingeloncedo: Umgama omfutshane wothumelo, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu, itopology yeenkwenkwezi ngokubanzi.
Isicelo: Indawo ye-WiFi ilungele ukubeka kunye nokuhamba kwabantu okanye iimoto, kwaye inokusetyenziswa kumaziko ezonyango, iipaki zemixholo, iifektri, iivenkile ezinkulu kunye nezinye izihlandlo ezifuna indawo kunye nokuhamba.
Itekhnoloji yokubeka indawo yangaphakathi yeRFID
Ukuchongwa kwerediyo yerediyo (RFID) itekhnoloji yokubeka indawo yangaphakathi isebenzisa imowudi yerediyo, i-eriyali ezinzileyo ukulungisa umqondiso werediyo kwindawo ye-electromagnetic, ileyibhile encanyathiselwe kwinto kumhlaba kazibuthe emva kokungeniswa kwangoku okwenziwe ukuhambisa idatha ngaphandle, ukuze ukutshintshiselana ngedatha ngeendlela ezininzi zonxibelelwano ukufezekisa injongo yokuchongwa kunye nonxantathu.
I-Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) bubuchwephesha bonxibelelwano obungenazingcingo obunokuchonga into ekujoliswe kuyo ngemiqondiso kanomathotholo nokufunda nokubhala idatha enxulumeneyo ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuseka uqhagamshelwano ngoomatshini okanye lwamehlo phakathi kwenkqubo yokuchonga kunye nethagethi ethile.
Iisignali zikanomathotholo zisasaza idatha esuka kwithegi encanyathiselwe kwinto ethile ngombane wombane olungiselelwe ifrikhwensi yerediyo ukuchonga ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nokulandelela into leyo. Xa ezinye iileyibhile zibonwa, amandla anokufunyanwa kwindawo ye-electromagnetic ekhutshwa sisichongi, kwaye iibhetri azifuneki; Kukwakho neethegi ezinomthombo wazo wamandla kwaye zinokukhupha amaza erediyo ngokusebenzayo (imimandla ye-electromagnetic elungiselelwe amaza kanomathotholo). Iithegi ziqulethe ulwazi olugcinwe ngekhompyutha olunokuthi luchongwe phakathi kweemitha ezimbalwa. Ngokungafaniyo neekhowudi zebha, iithegi zeRF akufuneki ukuba zibe kumgca wokubonwayo wesichongi kwaye zinokuzinziswa kwinto elandelwayo.
Izinto eziluncedo: I-RFID yetekhnoloji yokubeka yangaphakathi isondele kakhulu, kodwa inokufumana ulwazi lokuchaneka kwenqanaba lesentimitha kwiimillisecond ezimbalwa; Ubungakanani beleyibhile buncinci, kwaye ixabiso liphantsi.
Ukungalungi: akukho buchule bokunxibelelana, ukungakwazi ukuchasana nokuphazamiseka, akukho lula ukudibanisa kwezinye iinkqubo, kunye nokhuseleko lomsebenzisi kunye nokukhusela ubumfihlo kunye nomgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe awufezekanga.
Isicelo: Ukuma kwe-RFID kwangaphakathi kuye kwasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiindawo zokugcina iimpahla, iifektri, iindawo zokuthenga ekuhambeni kweempahla, ukuma kwempahla.
Itekhnoloji yokubeka i-Zigbee yangaphakathi
I-ZigBee (i-low-power LAN protocol esekelwe kumgangatho we-IEEE802.15.4) iteknoloji yokubeka indawo yangaphakathi yenza inethiwekhi phakathi kwenani leendawo eziza kuvavanywa kunye neendawo zokubhekisela kunye nesango. Iinqununu eziza kuvavanywa kwinethiwekhi zithumela ulwazi losasazo, ukuqokelela idatha kwi-node nganye yesalathiso ekufutshane, kwaye ukhethe i-X kunye ne-Y i-coordinates ye-reference node kunye nomqondiso onamandla. Emva koko, ukulungelelaniswa kwezinye iindawo ezinxulumene ne-node yereferensi zibalwe. Ekugqibeleni, idatha kwi-injini yokumisa icutshungulwa, kwaye ixabiso le-offset ukusuka kwi-node ye-reference esondeleyo ithathwa ukuba ifumane indawo yangempela ye-node phantsi kovavanyo kwinethiwekhi enkulu.
Uluhlu lweprotocol yeZigBee ukusuka ezantsi ukuya phezulu ngumaleko womzimba (PHY), umaleko wokufikelela kwimidiya (MAC), umaleko womnatha (NWK), umaleko wesicelo (APL) njalo njalo. Izixhobo zenethiwekhi zineendima ezintathu: uMququzeleli weZigBee, iZigBee Router, kunye neZigBee End Device. I-topology yenethiwekhi inokuba yinkwenkwezi, umthi, kunye nenethiwekhi.
Izinto eziluncedo: ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi, ixabiso eliphantsi, ukulibaziseka okufutshane, umthamo ophezulu kunye nokhuseleko oluphezulu, umgama omde wokudluliselwa; Inokuxhasa i-topology yenethiwekhi, i-topology yemithi kunye ne-star topology structure, inethiwekhi iyaguquguquka, kwaye inokuqonda ukuhanjiswa kwe-multi-hop.
Ukungalungi: Izinga lokudluliselwa liphantsi, kwaye ukuchaneka kokumisa kufuna i-algorithms ephezulu.
Isicelo: i-zigbee system positioning isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwindawo yangaphakathi, ulawulo lwamashishini, ukubeka iliso kokusingqongileyo, ulawulo lwekhaya oluhlakaniphile kunye nezinye iinkalo.
Itekhnoloji yokubeka indawo ye-UWB
Itekhnoloji yokubeka i-Ultra wideband (UWB) bubuchwepheshe obutsha, obahluke kakhulu kubuchwephesha bokumisa unxibelelwano lwemveli. Isebenzisa ii-anchor nodes ezicwangciswe kwangaphambili kunye neebhulorho ezinezithuba ezaziwayo ukunxibelelana neendawo ezingaboniyo ezisanda kongezwa, kwaye isebenzisa unxantathu okanye "uphawu lweminwe" ukumisela indawo.
Itekhnoloji ye-Ultra-wideband wireless (UWB) yitekhnoloji echanekileyo ephezulu yangaphakathi yokubeka indawo engenazingcingo ecetywayo kwiminyaka yakutshanje, enenqanaba eliphezulu le-danosecond lesisombululo sexesha, lidityaniswe nexesha lokufika elisekelwe kwi-algorithm, ngokwethiyori inokufikelela ukuchaneka kokumiswa kwenqanaba lesentimitha, enokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokubeka izicelo zoshishino.
Inkqubo yonke yahlulwe yangamacandelo amathathu: umaleko wolawulo, umaleko wenkonzo kunye nomgangatho wentsimi. Uluhlu lwenkqubo lwahlulwe ngokucacileyo kwaye isakhiwo sicacile.
Umaleko wentsimi uqulunqwe yindawo yokumisa ye-Anchor kunye neThegi yokubeka:
· Khangela i-Anchor
I-ankile yendawo ibala umgama phakathi kweTag kunye nayo ngokwayo, kwaye ithumela iipakethi emva kwindawo yokubala injini kwimowudi enentambo okanye yeWLAN.
· Indawo Tag
Ithegi inxulunyaniswa nomntu kunye nento ekhoyo, inxibelelana ne-Anchor kwaye isasaza indawo yayo.
Izinto eziluncedo: i-GHz bandwidth, ukuchaneka kokubeka okuphezulu; Ukungena okunamandla, isiphumo esihle sokuchasana ne-multipath, ukhuseleko oluphezulu.
Ukungalungi: Ngenxa yokuba i-node esanda kufakwa eyimfama nayo ifuna unxibelelwano olusebenzayo, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kuphezulu, kwaye iindleko zenkqubo ziphezulu.
Isicelo: Itekhnoloji ye-Ultra-wideband ingasetyenziselwa ukukhangela i-radar, kunye nokubeka ngokuchanekileyo kwangaphakathi kunye nokuhamba kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo.
Inkqubo yokubeka i-ultrasonic
Itekhnoloji yokumisa i-ultrasonic isekelwe kwi-ultrasonic rangeing system kwaye iphuhliswe ngamanani e-transponders kunye ne-main rangefinder: i-rangefinder ephambili ibekwe kwinto eza kulinganiswa, i-transponder idlulisela umqondiso werediyo efanayo kwindawo emiselweyo ye-transponder, I-transponder idlulisela isibonakaliso se-ultrasonic kwi-rangefinder ephambili emva kokufumana isignali, kwaye isebenzisa indlela yokubonakalisa i-reflection kunye ne-algorithm ye-triangulation ukumisela indawo yento.
Izinto eziluncedo: Ukuchaneka kokumisa jikelele kuphezulu kakhulu, ukufikelela kwinqanaba leesentimitha; Isakhiwo silula, sinokungena okuthile kwaye i-ultrasonic ngokwayo inamandla okumelana nokuphazamiseka.
Ukungalungi: ukuthotywa okukhulu emoyeni, okungafanelekanga kwiziganeko ezinkulu; Ukubonakaliswa kwe-reflection kuchaphazeleka kakhulu yimpembelelo ye-multipath kunye ne-non-line-of-sight propagation, ebangela utyalo-mali lwezixhobo ze-hardware eziphantsi ezifuna uhlalutyo oluchanekileyo kunye nokubala, kwaye iindleko ziphezulu kakhulu.
Isicelo: Itekhnoloji yokumisa i-ultrasonic isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwiipeni zedijithali, kwaye iteknoloji enjalo iphinda isetyenziswe kwi-prospecting ye-offshore, kwaye iteknoloji yokubeka indawo yangaphakathi isetyenziselwa ukubeka izinto kwiindibano zocweyo ezingenamntu.
