RTLS ichidimbu cheReal Time Location Systems.
RTLS inzira-yakavakirwa radiolocation nzira inogona kushanda kana kungopfuura. Pakati pavo, iyo inoshanda yakakamurwa kuita AOA (kusvika Angle positioning) uye TDOA (nguva yekusvika musiyano wekumisikidza), TOA (nguva yekusvika), TW-TOF (mbiri-nzira dzekubhururuka nguva), NFER (pedyo-munda magineti emagetsi) zvichingodaro. on.
Tichitaura nezvekumisikidzwa, munhu wese anotanga afunga nezve GPS, zvichibva paGNSS(Global Navigation Satellite System) satellite positioning yanga iri kwese kwese, asi satellite positioning ine painogumira: chiratidzo hachigone kupinda muchivako kuti chiwane chinzvimbo chemukati.
Saka, sei kugadzirisa indoor positioning dambudziko?
Nekuenderera mberi kwekusimudzira kwemusika wekumisikidza kwemukati kudiwa kunofambiswa uye isina waya yekutaurirana tekinoroji, tekinoroji yekuzivikanwa uye yakakura data yekubatanidza tekinoroji, iyo Internet yezvinhu uye humwe matekinoroji, dambudziko iri rakagadziriswa zvishoma nezvishoma, uye cheni yeindasitiri yakaramba ichipfumiswa uye yakakura.
Bluetooth indoor positioning tekinoroji
Bluetooth yemukati tekinoroji ndeye kushandisa akati wandei maBluetooth LAN yekupinda mapoinzi akaiswa mukamuri, kuchengetedza network seyakawanda-mushandisi yakavakirwa basic network yekubatanidza modhi, uye kuona kuti iyo Bluetooth LAN yekupinda nzvimbo ndiyo inogara iri mudziyo mukuru weiyo micro-network, uye. wobva waita mativi matatu achangobva kuwedzerwa bofu node nekuyera simba rechiratidzo.
Parizvino, pane nzira mbiri huru dzekutsvaga Bluetooth iBeacon: yakavakirwa paRSSI (yakagamuchira chiratidzo chesimba chiratidzo) uye zvichibva pakumisikidza zvigunwe, kana musanganiswa wezvose.
Dambudziko guru rakavakirwa padaro nderekuti nharaunda yemukati yakaoma, uye Bluetooth, se2.4GHZ high-frequency chiratidzo, ichakanganiswa zvakanyanya. Pamusoro peakasiyana-siyana emukati maratidziro uye refractions, RSSI tsika dzakawanikwa nenharembozha hadzisi dzakawanda referensi kukosha; Panguva imwecheteyo, kuti uvandudze kurongeka kwenzvimbo, kukosha kweRSSI kunofanirwa kuwanikwa kakawanda kutsvedzerera mhinduro, zvinoreva kuti kunonoka kunowedzera. Dambudziko guru rakanangana nekuisa zvigunwe zvigunwe nderekuti mutengo wevashandi uye mutengo wenguva yekuwana data rezvigunwe mukutanga nhanho yakakura kwazvo, uye kuchengetedza dhatabhesi kwakaoma. Uye kana chitoro chikawedzera chiteshi chitsva kana kuita zvimwe zvigadziriso, data rekutanga rezvigunwe rinogona kunge risisashande. Naizvozvo, kuyera uye kusarudza pakati pekurongeka kwechokwadi, kunonoka uye mutengo yave nyaya huru yekumisikidza Bluetooth.
Kukanganisa: Kufambisa kweBluetooth hakugadziriswi nemutsara-wekuona, asi kune nzvimbo dzakaoma nzvimbo, kugadzikana kweBluetooth system kwakashata zvishoma, kukanganiswa nezviratidzo zveruzha, uye mutengo weBluetooth zvishandiso nemichina inodhura;
Kushandisa: Bluetooth indoor positioning inonyanya kushandiswa kutsvaga vanhu munzvimbo diki, senge horo ine nhurikidzwa imwe chete kana chitoro.
Wi-Fi nzvimbo tekinoroji
Kune marudzi maviri eWiFi yekumisikidza tekinoroji, imwe iri kuburikidza neiyo isina waya siginecha yesimba renharembozha uye matatu isina waya network yekuwana nzvimbo, kuburikidza nemusiyano algorithm, kunyatsoita matatu matatu nzvimbo yevanhu nemotokari. Imwe yacho ndeyekunyora simba rechiratidzo chenhamba huru yenzvimbo-yakatemerwa mapoinzi pachine nguva, nekuenzanisa simba rechiratidzo chemichina ichangobva kuwedzerwa ine dhatabhesi yakakura yedata kuti uone nzvimbo.
Zvakanakira: kurongeka kwepamusoro, mutengo wakaderera wehardware, mwero wekutapurirana wakakwira; Inogona kuiswa kuti iwane yakaoma-hombe-chinzvimbo chekuisa, yekutarisa uye yekutevera mabasa.
Zvakaipa: Chinhambwe chekutapurirana chinhambwe, mashandisiro emagetsi akanyanya, kazhinji nyeredzi topology.
Chishandiso:Kumisikidzwa kweWiFi kwakakodzera kumisikidzwa uye kufamba kwevanhu kana mota, uye inogona kushandiswa munzvimbo dzekurapa, mapaki etimu, mafekitori, mashopu uye zvimwe zviitiko zvinoda chinzvimbo uye kufamba.
RFID indoor positioning tekinoroji
Radio frequency identification (RFID) indoor positioning tekinoroji inoshandisa redhiyo frequency modhi, iyo antenna yakagadzika kugadzirisa redhiyo mundima yemagetsi, iyo label inonamirwa kune chinhu mugineti munda mushure mekuiswa ikozvino inogadzirwa kuendesa iyo data kunze, kuti chinjana data mune dzakawanda-nzira mbiri kutaurirana kuti uwane chinangwa chekuzivikanwa uye katatu.
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) iwaya yekutaurirana tekinoroji iyo inogona kuona yakanangana neredhiyo masaini uye kuverenga nekunyora ine hukama data pasina chikonzero chekumisikidza mechaniki kana yekuona kuonana pakati pechiziviso system uye chakananga chinangwa.
Nhepfenyuro dzeredhiyo dzinofambisa data kubva kune tag yakanamirwa kuchinhu kuburikidza neelectromagnetic field yakanamirwa kune redhiyo frequency kuti ione otomatiki uye kuronda chinhu chacho. Kana mamwe mavara akazivikanwa, simba rinogona kuwanikwa kubva kumunda wemagetsi unoburitswa neinozivisa, uye mabhatiri haadiwe; Kune zvakare ma tag ane simba rawo sosi uye anogona kushingaira kuburitsa masaisai eredhiyo (electromagnetic fields akaturirwa redhiyo frequencies). Iwo ma tag ane ruzivo rwakachengetwa nemagetsi rwunogona kuzivikanwa mukati memamita mashoma. Kusiyana nemabhawa macode, RF ma tag haafanire kunge ari mumutsara wekuona kweiyo identifier uye anogona zvakare kunyudzwa muchinhu chiri kuteverwa.
Zvakanakira: RFID indoor positioning tekinoroji iri padyo, asi inogona kuwana centimita-level yekumisikidza ruzivo mune mashoma milliseconds; Ukuru hwezita racho hushoma, uye mutengo wakaderera.
Zvakaipa: hapana kugona kutaurirana, kusagona kupesana-kupindira, hazvisi nyore kubatanidza mune mamwe masisitimu, uye kuchengetedzwa kwemushandisi uye kuchengetedzwa kwekuvanzika uye kuenzanisa kwenyika hakuna kukwana.
Chikumbiro: RFID indoor positioning yakashandiswa zvakanyanya mumatura, mafekitori, mashopu mukuyerera kwezvinhu, commodity positioning.
Zigbee indoor positioning tekinoroji
ZigBee (yakaderera-simba LAN protocol yakavakirwa paIEEE802.15.4 yakajairwa) indoor positioning tekinoroji inoumba network pakati penhamba dzinoverengeka dzinofanirwa kuedzwa uye dzinonongedza node uye gedhi. Manodhi anoedzwa munetwork anotumira ruzivo rwenhepfenyuro, unganidza data kubva kune imwe neimwe iri padyo nereferensi node, uye sarudza iyo X uye Y inoronga yereferenzi node ine chiratidzo chakasimba. Zvadaro, kurongeka kwemamwe ma node anobatanidzwa nereferensi node anoverengwa. Pakupedzisira, iyo data mujini yekumisikidza inogadziriswa, uye kukosha kwekubvisa kubva kune iri pedyo referensi node inoonekwa sekuwana iyo chaiyo chinzvimbo cheiyo node pasi pekuedzwa mune yakakura network.
ZigBee protocol layer kubva pasi kusvika kumusoro ndeyemuviri layer (PHY), media access layer (MAC), network layer (NWK), application layer (APL) zvichingodaro. Network zvishandiso zvine mabasa matatu: ZigBee Coordinator, ZigBee Router, uye ZigBee End Device. Network topology inogona kuve nyeredzi, muti, uye network.
Zvakanakira: kushandiswa kwesimba shoma, mutengo wakaderera, kunonoka kupfupi, hukuru hwepamusoro uye kuchengetedzwa kwepamusoro, kureba kwekutapurirana kure; Inogona kutsigira network topology, muti topology uye nyeredzi topology chimiro, network inoshanduka, uye inogona kuona akawanda-hop kutapurirana.
Zvakaipa: Mwero wekutapurirana wakaderera, uye kurongeka kwechokwadi kunoda algorithms epamusoro.
Chishandiso: zigbee system yekumisikidza yakashandiswa zvakanyanya mukumisikidza kwemukati, kutonga kwemaindasitiri, kutarisa kwezvakatipoteredza, smart home control uye mamwe minda.
UWB yekumisa tekinoroji
Ultra wideband (UWB) yekumisikidza tekinoroji tekinoroji nyowani, yakasiyana zvakanyanya neyechinyakare yekutaurirana chinzvimbo tekinoroji. Inoshandisa yakafanorongedzerwa anchor node uye mabhiriji mafundo ane zvinzvimbo zvinozivikanwa kutaurirana neachangobva kuwedzerwa mapofu, uye inoshandisa triangulation kana "fingerprint" chinzvimbo kuona nzvimbo.
Ultra-wideband wireless (UWB) tekinoroji ndeye yakakwira-chaiyo yemukati isina waya yekumisikidza tekinoroji yakakurudzirwa mumakore achangopfuura, ine yakakwira danosecond nhanho yenguva yekugadziriswa, yakasanganiswa nekusvika-nguva-yakavakirwa-inotangira algorithm, ne theoretically inogona kusvika centimita-level yekumisikidza kurongeka, iyo inogona kuzadzisa zvidikanwi zvekumisa zvemaindasitiri kunyorera.
Iyo yese sisitimu yakakamurwa kuita matatu: manejimendi layer, service layer uye field layer. Iyo system hierarchy yakakamurwa zvakajeka uye chimiro chakajeka.
Iyo yemunda layer inoumbwa yekumisikidza Anchor point uye yekumisikidza Tag:
· Tsvaga Anchor
Iyo nzvimbo anchor inoverengera chinhambwe pakati peTag uye pachayo, uye inotumira mapaketi kudzokera kunzvimbo yekuverenga injini mune wired kana WLAN modhi.
· Nzvimbo Tag
Iyo tag inosanganiswa nemunhu uye chinhu chiri kuwanikwa, chinotaurirana neAnchor uye inotepfenyura nzvimbo yayo.
Zvakanakira: GHz bandwidth, yakakwirira chinzvimbo chakarurama; Kupinda kwakasimba, yakanaka anti-multipath athari, kuchengetedzwa kwepamusoro.
Zvakaipa: Nekuti iyo ichangobva kuwedzerwa bofu node inodawo kutaurirana kwakasimba, simba rekushandisa rakakwira, uye mutengo wehurongwa wakakwira.
Chishandiso: Ultra-wideband tekinoroji inogona kushandiswa kuona radar, pamwe nekumira kwemukati kwakaringana uye kufamba mundima dzakasiyana.
Ultrasonic positioning system
Iyo ultrasonic positioning tekinoroji yakavakirwa pane iyo ultrasonic rangeing system uye yakagadziridzwa nenhamba ye transponders uye main rangefinder: iyo huru rangefinder inoiswa pane chinhu chinoyerwa, iyo transponder inoendesa iyo yakafanana redhiyo chiratidzo kune yakatarwa chinzvimbo che transponder, iyo transponder inotumira iyo ultrasonic chiratidzo kune main rangefinder mushure mekugamuchira chiratidzo, uye inoshandisa nzira yekuratidzira uye triangulation algorithm kuona nzvimbo yechinhu.
Zvakanakira: Kurongeka kwese kwese kwakakwira zvakanyanya, kusvika padanho remasentimita; Iyo dhizaini iri nyore, ine imwe yekupinda uye iyo ultrasonic pachayo ine yakasimba anti-kupindira kugona.
Kukanganisa: kuderedzwa kukuru mumhepo, kusingakodzeri zviitiko zvakakura; Reflection reflection inobatwa zvakanyanya nemultipath effect uye isiri-line-of-sight propagation, iyo inokonzeresa mari yezvivakwa zvehardware zvinoda kuongororwa kwakaringana uye kuverenga, uye mutengo wakanyanya.
Kushandisa: Ultrasonic positioning tekinoroji yakashandiswa zvakanyanya mumapeni edhijitari, uye tekinoroji yakadaro inoshandiswawo mukutarisa kwekunze kwemahombekombe, uye tekinoroji yekumisikidza yemukati inonyanya kushandiswa pakumisikidza chinhu mumashopu asina vanhu.
