Wobadwa mu 1997, Wi-Fi yakhudza kwambiri moyo wamunthu kuposa wina aliyense wotchuka wa Gen Z. Kukula kwake kosasunthika ndi kukhwima kwamasula pang'onopang'ono kulumikizidwa kwa maukonde kuchokera ku ulamuliro wakale wa zingwe ndi zolumikizira mpaka momwe mwayi wofikira pa intaneti wopanda zingwe - zomwe sizingachitike m'masiku oyimba - nthawi zambiri zimatengedwa mopepuka.
Ndine wamkulu mokwanira kukumbukira kudina kokhutiritsa komwe pulagi ya RJ45 imatanthawuza kulumikizana bwino ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yapaintaneti yomwe ikukula mwachangu. Masiku ano sindikusowa kwenikweni ma RJ45s, ndipo achinyamata omwe ndimawadziwa bwino sakudziwa za kukhalapo kwawo.
M'zaka za m'ma 60s ndi 70s, AT&T idapanga makina olumikizirana ma modular kuti alowe m'malo mwa zolumikizira zokulirapo. Machitidwewa pambuyo pake adakula kuti aphatikizepo RJ45 ya maukonde apakompyuta
Kukonda kwa Wi-Fi pakati pa anthu ambiri sizodabwitsa konse; Zingwe za Ethernet zimawoneka ngati zankhanza poyerekeza ndi kusavuta kopanda zingwe. Koma monga injiniya wongokhudzidwa ndi magwiridwe antchito a datalink, ndimawonabe Wi-Fi ngati yotsika poyerekeza ndi ma waya. Kodi 802.11 ibweretsa Wi-Fi sitepe - kapena kudumphadumpha - pafupi ndi kuchotseratu Ethernet?
Chidule Chachidule cha Miyezo ya Wi-Fi: Wi-Fi 6 ndi Wi-Fi 7
Wi-Fi 6 ndi dzina lofalitsidwa la IEEE 802.11ax. Kuvomerezedwa kotheratu koyambirira kwa 2021, ndikupindula ndi zaka zopitilira 802.11 zakusintha kwa protocol ya 6, Wi-Fi XNUMX ndi mulingo wowopsa womwe sukuwoneka kuti ungalowe m'malo mwachangu.
Cholemba chabulogu chochokera ku Qualcomm chikufotokozera mwachidule Wi-Fi 6 ngati "mndandanda wazinthu ndi ma protocol omwe cholinga chake ndi kuyendetsa zambiri momwe ndingathere pazida zambiri momwe ndingathere nthawi imodzi." Wi-Fi 6 idayambitsa maluso osiyanasiyana apamwamba omwe amapangitsa kuti magwiridwe antchito azitha kuyendetsa bwino ntchito, kuphatikiza kuchulukitsa kwa ma domain-ma frequency, uplink multi-user MIMO, ndi kugawikana kwapaketi kwama data.
Wi-Fi 6 imaphatikiza ukadaulo wa OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), womwe umawonjezera magwiridwe antchito amtundu wa ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri.
Nanga ndichifukwa chiyani gulu logwira ntchito la 802.11 lili kale panjira yokonzekera mulingo watsopano? Chifukwa chiyani tikuwona kale mitu yankhani yoyambira ya Wi-Fi 7? Ngakhale kusonkhanitsa kwake kwa matekinoloje apamwamba a wailesi, Wi-Fi 6 imadziwika, makamaka m'madera ena, ngati yolemetsa m'zinthu ziwiri zofunika: kuchuluka kwa deta ndi latency.
Pakuwongolera kuchuluka kwa data komanso kuchedwa kwa Wi-Fi 6, omanga a Wi-Fi 7 akuyembekeza kuti apereka chidziwitso chachangu, chosalala, chodalirika cha ogwiritsa ntchito chomwe chimapezekabe mosavuta ndi zingwe za Efaneti.
Mitengo ya Data vs. Latencies Okhudza Wi-Fi Protocols
Wi-Fi 6 imathandizira kutumizira kwa data kuyandikira 10 Gbps. Kaya izi ndi "zabwino mokwanira" mwatsatanetsatane ndi funso lokhazikika. Komabe, pang'onopang'ono, mitengo ya data ya Wi-Fi 6 ndi yosokonekera: Wi-Fi 5 idapeza chiwonjezeko cha chikwi chimodzi peresenti poyerekeza ndi m'mbuyo mwake, pomwe Wi-Fi 6 idachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa data ndi zosakwana makumi asanu peresenti. poyerekeza ndi Wi-Fi 5.
The theoretical stream data rate is not a comprehensive way of quantifying the "liwiro" la kugwirizana kwa maukonde, koma n'kofunika mokwanira kuti ayenerere chidwi cha anthu amene ali ndi udindo Wi-Fi akupitirirabe malonda kupambana.
Kuyerekeza kwa mibadwo itatu yapitayi ya ma protocol a netiweki ya Wi-Fi
Latency ngati lingaliro wamba amatanthauza kuchedwa pakati pa kulowetsa ndi kuyankha.
Pankhani yolumikizana ndi ma netiweki, kuchedwa kochulukira kumatha kusokoneza zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito akumana nazo monga (kapena kuposa) kuchuluka kwa data pang'ono - kutumiza mwachangu kwambiri sikungakuthandizeni ngati mudikirira masekondi asanu tsamba lawebusayiti lisanafike. akuyamba kutsegula. Latency ndiyofunikira makamaka pamapulogalamu anthawi yeniyeni monga msonkhano wamakanema, zenizeni zenizeni, masewera, ndi kuwongolera zida zakutali. Ogwiritsa ntchito amangokhala ndi kuleza mtima kwakukulu pamavidiyo owoneka bwino, masewera ocheperako, komanso makina olumikizirana.
Wi-Fi 7's Data Rate ndi Latency
Lipoti la Project Authorization Report la IEEE 802.11be likuphatikiza zonse ziwiri kuchuluka kwa data komanso kuchepa kwa latency monga zolinga zomveka. Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane njira ziwiri zokwezera izi.
Data Rate ndi Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
Omanga a Wi-Fi 7 akufuna kuwona kutulutsa kopitilira 30 Gbps. Sitikudziwa kuti ndi zinthu ziti ndi njira zomwe zidzaphatikizidwe muzomaliza za 802.11be, koma ena mwa omwe akuyembekezeredwa kuti achulukitse kuchuluka kwa data ndi 320 MHz channel wide, multi-link operation, and 4096-QAM modulation.
Ndi mwayi wopeza zowonjezera zowonjezera kuchokera ku 6 GHz band, Wi-Fi ikhoza kuonjezera kukula kwa tchanelo kufika pa 320 MHz. Kukula kwa tchanelo kwa 320 MHz kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa bandiwifi ndi kuchuluka kwa data pamalingaliro ndi magawo awiri achibale ndi Wi-Fi 6.
M'ntchito zamalumikizidwe angapo, masiteshoni ambiri amakasitomala okhala ndi maulalo awoawo amagwira ntchito limodzi ngati "zipangizo zamalumikizidwe angapo" zomwe zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe amodzi kugawo lowongolera maulalo a netiweki. Wi-Fi 7 ipeza mabandi atatu (2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, ndi 6 GHz); chipangizo cha Wi-Fi 7 chokhala ndi maulalo angapo amatha kutumiza ndi kulandira data nthawi imodzi m'magulu angapo. Kugwiritsa ntchito maulalo ambiri kumatha kuchulukirachulukira, koma kumaphatikizapo zovuta zina.
Pakugwiritsa ntchito maulalo ambiri, chipangizo cholumikizira mipikisano chimakhala ndi adilesi imodzi ya MAC ngakhale imaphatikizapo STA yopitilira imodzi (yomwe imayimira station, kutanthauza chipangizo cholumikizirana monga laputopu kapena foni yam'manja)
QAM imayimira quadrature amplitude modulation. Ichi ndi chiwembu chosinthira cha I/Q momwe kuphatikiza kwapadera kwa gawo ndi matalikidwe kumayenderana ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana a binary. Titha (mwachidziwitso) kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa ma bits omwe amafalitsidwa pachizindikiro chilichonse powonjezera kuchuluka kwa magawo / matalikidwe mu "gulu la nyenyezi" la dongosolo (onani chithunzichi pansipa).
Ichi ndi chithunzi cha kuwundana kwa 16-QAM. Bwalo lirilonse pa ndege yovuta imayimira gawo / matalikidwe ophatikizika omwe amafanana ndi nambala yodziwika bwino ya binary
Wi-Fi 6 imagwiritsa ntchito 1024-QAM, yomwe imathandizira ma bits 10 pachizindikiro chilichonse (chifukwa 2 ^ 10 = 1024). Ndi 4096-QAM modulation, makina amatha kufalitsa ma bits 12 pachizindikiro chilichonse - ngati angakwaniritse SNR yokwanira pa wolandila kuti athe kutsitsa bwino.
Wi-Fi 7 Mawonekedwe a Latency:
MAC Layer ndi PHY Layer
Kufikira kwa magwiridwe antchito odalirika a nthawi yeniyeni ndikochedwa kwambiri kwa 5–10 ms; latencies otsika ngati 1 ms ndi opindulitsa muzochitika zina zogwiritsira ntchito. Kupeza mochedwa motere mu malo a Wi-Fi si ntchito yophweka.
Zomwe zikugwira ntchito pa MAC (medium access control) ndi gawo lakuthupi (PHY) zithandizira kubweretsa magwiridwe antchito a Wi-Fi 7 mu gawo la sub-10 ms. Izi zikuphatikiza njira zingapo zolumikizirana ndi ma beamforming, ma network osakira nthawi, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito maulalo ambiri.
Zofunikira za Wi-Fi 7
Kafukufuku waposachedwa akuwonetsa kuti kuphatikizira kwamaulalo ambiri, komwe kumaphatikizidwa pamutu wanthawi zonse wa maulalo ambiri, kungathandize kwambiri kuti Wi-Fi 7 ikwaniritse zofunikira zakuchedwa pakugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yeniyeni.
Tsogolo la Wi-Fi 7?
Sitikudziwabe kuti Wi-Fi 7 idzawoneka bwanji, koma mosakayikira izikhala ndi matekinoloje atsopano a RF ndi njira zosinthira deta. Kodi R&D yonse ingakhale yoyenera? Kodi Wi-Fi 7 isintha maukonde opanda zingwe ndikulepheretsa zabwino zochepa zotsala za zingwe za Efaneti? Khalani omasuka kugawana malingaliro anu mu gawo la ndemanga pansipa.
