RTLS yog cov ntawv luv rau Real Time Location Systems.
RTLS yog lub teeb liab-raws li txoj kev siv hluav taws xob uas tuaj yeem ua haujlwm lossis tsis ua haujlwm. Ntawm lawv, cov nquag muab faib ua AOA (lub sij hawm tuaj txog lub kaum sab xis) thiab TDOA (lub sij hawm tuaj txog qhov sib txawv qhov chaw), TOA (lub sij hawm tuaj txog), TW-TOF (ob-txoj kev ya davhlau), NFER (ze-field electromagnetic ranging) thiab thiaj li. ntawm.
Tham txog qhov chaw, txhua tus yuav xub xav txog GPS, raws li GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) satellite positioning tau nyob txhua qhov chaw, tab sis satellite positioning muaj nws cov kev txwv: lub teeb liab tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv lub tsev kom ua tiav qhov chaw sab hauv.
Yog li, yuav ua li cas los daws qhov teeb meem nyob hauv tsev?
Nrog rau kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm kev lag luam hauv tsev xav tau tsav tsheb thiab kev sib txuas lus wireless, sensor kev txheeb xyuas thev naus laus zis thiab cov ntaub ntawv loj sib cuam tshuam thev naus laus zis, Is Taws Nem ntawm Yam thiab lwm yam thev naus laus zis, qhov teeb meem no tau maj mam daws, thiab kev lag luam saw tau txuas ntxiv txhim kho thiab paub tab.
Bluetooth nyob sab hauv tsev tso technology
Bluetooth sab hauv tsev tshuab yog siv ntau lub Bluetooth LAN cov ntsiab lus nkag tau nruab rau hauv chav tsev, tswj lub network raws li ntau tus neeg siv raws li kev sib txuas lus yooj yim, thiab xyuas kom meej tias Bluetooth LAN nkag mus yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm micro-network, thiab tom qab ntawd triangulate qhov tshiab qhov muag tsis pom node los ntawm kev ntsuas lub teeb liab lub zog.
Tam sim no, muaj ob txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb los nrhiav Bluetooth iBeacon: raws li RSSI (tau txais lub teeb liab lub zog qhia) thiab raws li qhov chaw ntiv tes, lossis ob qho tib si ua ke.
Qhov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws raws li nyob deb yog qhov chaw sab hauv tsev yog qhov nyuaj, thiab Bluetooth, raws li 2.4GHZ high-frequency teeb liab, yuav cuam tshuam zoo heev. Ntxiv nrog rau ntau qhov kev xav sab hauv tsev thiab kev cuam tshuam, RSSI qhov txiaj ntsig tau los ntawm cov xov tooj ntawm tes tsis muaj nqi siv ntau; Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txhawm rau txhim kho qhov chaw raug, RSSI tus nqi yuav tsum tau txais ob peb zaug kom ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig, uas txhais tau hais tias qhov kev ncua sijhawm nce ntxiv. Qhov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws raws li kev muab cov ntiv tes tso rau hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm yog tus nqi zog thiab lub sij hawm tus nqi ntawm kev tau txais cov ntaub ntawv ntiv tes thaum ntxov yog siab heev, thiab kev saib xyuas cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj. Thiab yog tias lub khw ntxiv qhov chaw nres tsheb tshiab lossis ua lwm yam kev hloov kho, cov ntaub ntawv ntiv tes qub yuav tsis siv ntxiv lawm. Yog li ntawd, yuav ua li cas los ntsuas thiab xaiv ntawm qhov chaw qhov tseeb, ncua sij hawm thiab tus nqi tau dhau los ua qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm kev tso Bluetooth.
Qhov tsis zoo: Kev sib kis ntawm Bluetooth tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm kab-ntawm-pom, tab sis rau qhov chaw ib puag ncig nyuaj, kev ruaj ntseg ntawm Bluetooth system yog me ntsis tsis zoo, cuam tshuam los ntawm lub suab nrov, thiab tus nqi ntawm Bluetooth li thiab cov khoom siv kuj tseem kim;
Daim ntawv thov: Bluetooth tso rau sab hauv tsev feem ntau yog siv los nrhiav cov neeg hauv thaj chaw me me, xws li ib chav tsev lossis lub khw.
Wi-Fi qhov chaw technology
Muaj ob yam ntawm WiFi qhov chaw thev naus laus zis, ib qho yog los ntawm lub teeb liab lub zog ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes thiab peb lub wireless network nkag mus, los ntawm qhov sib txawv algorithm, kom raug triangulate qhov chaw ntawm tib neeg thiab tsheb. Lwm qhov yog los sau cov teeb liab lub zog ntawm ntau qhov chaw-txiav txim siab cov ntsiab lus ua ntej, los ntawm kev sib piv cov teeb liab lub zog ntawm cov khoom siv tshiab tshiab nrog cov ntaub ntawv loj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv los txiav txim qhov chaw.
Qhov zoo: siab raug, tsis tshua muaj nqi kho vajtse, siab kis tus nqi; Nws tuaj yeem siv los ua kom tiav txoj haujlwm loj loj, kev saib xyuas thiab taug qab cov haujlwm.
Qhov tsis zoo: Kev sib kis luv luv, kev siv hluav taws xob siab, feem ntau lub hnub qub topology.
Daim ntawv thov: Qhov chaw WiFi yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev tso chaw thiab kev taw qhia ntawm tib neeg lossis tsheb, thiab tuaj yeem siv rau hauv tsev kho mob, chaw ua si, chaw ua haujlwm, khw muag khoom thiab lwm lub sijhawm uas xav tau qhov chaw thiab kev taw qhia.
RFID nyob sab hauv tsev siv technology
Xov tooj cua zaus identification (RFID) nyob sab hauv tsev siv tshuab siv xov tooj cua zaus hom, lub kav hlau txais xov taag los kho lub xov tooj cua teeb liab mus rau hauv electromagnetic teb, daim ntawv lo nrog rau cov khoom mus rau hauv magnetic teb tom qab induction tam sim no generated xa cov ntaub ntawv tawm, thiaj li. pauv cov ntaub ntawv hauv ntau qhov kev sib txuas lus ob txoj kev kom ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev txheeb xyuas thiab triangulation.
Xov tooj cua Frequency Identification (RFID) yog ib lub tshuab kev sib txuas lus wireless uas tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb los ntawm xov tooj cua cov cim thiab nyeem thiab sau cov ntaub ntawv ntsig txog yam tsis tas yuav tsim kom muaj kev sib cuag nrog cov neeg kho tshuab lossis kho qhov muag ntawm cov txheej txheem txheeb xyuas thiab lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb.
Xov tooj cua signals kis tau cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm ib tug tag nrog rau ib yam khoom ntawm ib tug electromagnetic teb tuned mus rau ib tug xov tooj cua zaus kom paub thiab taug qab cov khoom. Thaum qee cov ntawv lees paub, lub zog tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tawm los ntawm tus cim, thiab cov roj teeb tsis tas yuav tsum muaj; Kuj tseem muaj cov cim npe uas muaj lawv tus kheej lub zog thiab tuaj yeem tawm suab xov tooj cua (electromagnetic fields tuned to radio frequencies). Cov ntawv cim npe muaj cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia hauv hluav taws xob uas tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas tsis pub dhau ob peb meters. Tsis zoo li cov lej cim, RF cim npe tsis tas yuav tsum nyob rau hauv txoj kab ntawm qhov pom ntawm tus cim thiab tseem tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv cov khoom raug taug qab.
Qhov zoo: RFID qhov chaw nyob sab hauv tsev yog qhov ze heev, tab sis nws tuaj yeem tau txais cov ntaub ntawv centimeter-qib qhov tseeb hauv ob peb milliseconds; Qhov loj ntawm daim ntawv lo yog me me, thiab tus nqi qis.
Qhov tsis zoo: tsis muaj peev xwm sib txuas lus, tsis muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam, tsis yooj yim rau kev koom ua ke rau hauv lwm lub tshuab, thiab tus neeg siv kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev tiv thaiv kev ceev ntiag tug thiab kev tswj hwm thoob ntiaj teb tsis zoo tag nrho.
Daim ntawv thov: RFID qhov chaw nyob sab hauv tsev tau siv dav hauv cov tsev khaws khoom, cov chaw tsim khoom, cov khw muag khoom hauv kev khiav ntawm cov khoom, cov khoom muag.
Zigbee nyob sab hauv tsev siv tshuab
ZigBee (tsawg-lub zog LAN raws tu qauv raws li IEEE802.15.4 tus qauv) sab hauv tsev siv tshuab ua kom muaj kev sib txuas ntawm ntau cov nodes yuav tsum tau sim thiab siv cov nodes thiab lub rooj vag. Cov nodes yuav tsum tau kuaj nyob rau hauv lub network xa tawm cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm, sau cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm txhua qhov kev siv ntawm qhov chaw nyob ib sab, thiab xaiv X thiab Y kev sib koom tes ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siv nrog lub teeb liab muaj zog tshaj plaws. Tom qab ntawd, cov kev tswj hwm ntawm lwm cov nodes cuam tshuam nrog cov ntaub ntawv siv tau raug xam. Thaum kawg, cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv qhov chaw lub cav yog ua tiav, thiab tus nqi offset los ntawm qhov ze tshaj qhov siv ntawm node yog txiav txim siab kom tau txais qhov tseeb txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub node nyob rau hauv kev sim nyob rau hauv lub loj network.
ZigBee raws tu qauv txheej txheej ntawm qab mus rau sab saum toj yog lub cev txheej (PHY), media nkag txheej (MAC), txheej txheej (NWK), daim ntawv thov txheej (APL) thiab lwm yam. Cov khoom siv network muaj peb lub luag haujlwm: ZigBee Coordinator, ZigBee Router, thiab ZigBee End Device. Network topologies tuaj yeem yog hnub qub, tsob ntoo, thiab network.
Qhov zoo: kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg, tus nqi qis, ncua sij hawm luv luv, muaj peev xwm thiab kev ruaj ntseg siab, kev sib kis ntev; Nws tuaj yeem txhawb nqa lub network topology, tsob ntoo topology thiab lub hnub qub topology qauv, lub network hloov tau yooj yim, thiab tuaj yeem paub ntau qhov kev sib kis.
Disadvantages: Tus kis tau tus mob yog tsawg, thiab qhov tseeb positioning yuav tsum tau ntau dua algorithms.
Daim ntawv thov: zigbee system positioning tau dav siv nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nyob sab hauv tsev, muaj kev tswj, ib puag ncig xyuas, ntse tswj tsev thiab lwm yam teb.
UWB positioning technology
Ultra wideband (UWB) positioning technology yog ib tug tshiab technology, uas txawv heev ntawm cov tsoos kev sib txuas lus positioning technology. Nws siv cov txheej txheem thauj tog rau nkoj ua ntej thiab txuas txuas nrog cov haujlwm paub los sib txuas lus nrog cov tshiab dig muag ntxiv, thiab siv cov duab triangulation lossis "tus ntiv tes" qhov chaw los txiav txim txoj haujlwm.
Ultra-wideband wireless (UWB) thev naus laus zis yog qhov kev ua haujlwm siab nyob hauv tsev wireless tso tawm thev naus laus zis tau npaj siab nyob rau xyoo tas los no, nrog rau theem siab danosecond ntawm lub sijhawm daws teeb meem, suav nrog lub sijhawm tuaj txog raws li qhov sib txawv algorithm, theoretically tuaj yeem ncav cuag centimeter-level positioning raug, uas tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov kev xav tau ntawm cov ntawv thov kev lag luam.
Tag nrho cov txheej txheem tau muab faib ua peb txheej: txheej txheej tswj, txheej kev pabcuam thiab txheej txheej. Lub system hierarchy tau muab faib kom meej thiab cov qauv yog qhov tseeb.
Lub teb txheej yog tsim los ntawm positioning Anchor point thiab positioning Tag:
· Nrhiav Anchor
Qhov chaw thauj tog rau nkoj xam qhov kev ncua deb ntawm Tag thiab nws tus kheej, thiab xa cov pob ntawv rov qab mus rau qhov chaw suav lub cav hauv wired lossis WLAN hom.
· Location Tag
Lub cim npe yog txuam nrog tus neeg thiab khoom nyob, sib txuas lus nrog Anchor thiab tshaj tawm nws qhov chaw nyob.
Qhov zoo: GHz bandwidth, siab positioning raug; Muaj zog nkag mus, zoo anti-multipath nyhuv, kev nyab xeeb siab.
Qhov tsis zoo: Vim tias qhov tshiab qhov muag tsis pom kev tseem xav tau kev sib txuas lus zoo, kev siv hluav taws xob yog siab, thiab cov nqi hluav taws xob yog siab.
Daim ntawv thov: Ultra-wideband technology tuaj yeem siv rau kev tshawb nrhiav radar, nrog rau qhov chaw nyob sab hauv tsev thiab kev taw qhia hauv ntau qhov chaw.
Ultrasonic positioning system
Ultrasonic positioning technology yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub ultrasonic ranging system thiab tsim los ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm transponders thiab lub ntsiab rangefinder: lub ntsiab rangefinder yog muab tso rau ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum tau ntsuas, lub transponder kis tib lub xov tooj cua teeb liab mus rau qhov chaw ruaj khov ntawm transponder, transponder xa cov teeb liab ultrasonic mus rau lub ntsiab rangefinder tom qab tau txais cov teeb liab, thiab siv cov kev xav txog ntau yam thiab triangulation algorithm los txiav txim qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom.
Qhov zoo: tag nrho qhov chaw qhov tseeb yog siab heev, mus txog qib centimeter; Cov qauv yog qhov yooj yim, muaj qee yam nkag thiab ultrasonic nws tus kheej muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam.
Disadvantages: loj attenuation nyob rau hauv cov huab cua, tsis haum rau loj zaus; Kev xav txog ntau yam cuam tshuam los ntawm cov txiaj ntsig multipath thiab tsis-kab-ntawm-pob pom kev nthuav tawm, uas ua rau kev nqis peev ntawm cov cuab yeej siv kho vajtse uas xav tau kev txheeb xyuas thiab kev suav kom raug, thiab tus nqi siab dhau lawm.
Daim ntawv thov: Ultrasonic positioning thev naus laus zis tau siv dav hauv cov cwj mem digital, thiab cov thev naus laus zis zoo li no kuj tseem siv rau hauv kev tshawb nrhiav offshore, thiab cov cuab yeej siv sab hauv tsev feem ntau yog siv rau qhov khoom tso rau hauv cov chaw ua haujlwm tsis muaj neeg siv.
