RTLS shine gajarta don Tsarin Lokaci na Gaskiya.
RTLS hanya ce ta tushen siginar wurin rediyo wanda zai iya zama mai aiki ko m. Daga cikin su, mai aiki ya kasu kashi AOA (matsayin isowar Angle) da TDOA (matsayin bambancin lokacin isowa), TOA (lokacin isowa), TW-TOF (lokacin jirgin sama biyu), NFER (kusan-filin lantarki na lantarki) da sauransu. kan.
Magana game da matsayi, kowa zai fara tunanin GPS, bisa GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) tauraron dan adam matsayi ya kasance a ko'ina, amma tauraron dan adam yana da iyakokinsa: siginar ba zai iya shiga ginin ba don cimma matsayi na cikin gida.
Don haka, yadda za a magance matsalar sakawa cikin gida?
Tare da ci gaba da haɓaka buƙatun kasuwanni na cikin gida da fasahar sadarwa mara waya, fasahar tantance firikwensin da manyan fasahar haɗin gwiwar bayanai, Intanet na Abubuwa da sauran fasahohin, an warware wannan matsala sannu a hankali, kuma sarkar masana'antu ta ci gaba da haɓaka da girma.
Fasahar sakawa ta cikin gida ta Bluetooth
Fasahar cikin gida ta Bluetooth ita ce ta yi amfani da wuraren samun damar LAN na Bluetooth da yawa da aka sanya a cikin ɗakin, kula da hanyar sadarwa a matsayin yanayin haɗin yanar gizo mai amfani da yawa, kuma tabbatar da cewa wurin samun damar Bluetooth LAN koyaushe shine babban na'urar micro-network, kuma sa'an nan kuma a triangular sabon ƙarar kumburin makaho ta hanyar auna ƙarfin sigina.
A halin yanzu, akwai manyan hanyoyi guda biyu don nemo iBeacon na Bluetooth: dangane da RSSI (alamar ƙarfin siginar da aka karɓa) kuma dangane da sanya sawun yatsa, ko haɗin duka biyun.
Babbar matsalar da ta danganci nisa ita ce muhallin cikin gida yana da sarkakiya, kuma Bluetooth, a matsayin siginar mitar 2.4GHZ, za a tsoma baki sosai. Baya ga tunani iri-iri na cikin gida da juzu'i, ƙimar RSSI da aka samu ta wayar hannu ba su da ƙima mai yawa; A lokaci guda, don inganta daidaiton matsayi, ƙimar RSSI dole ne a samu sau da yawa don daidaita sakamakon, wanda ke nufin cewa jinkirin yana ƙaruwa. Babbar matsalar da ta danganci sanya hotunan yatsa ita ce, tsadar aiki da kuma lokacin da ake kashewa wajen samun bayanan sawun yatsa a matakin farko yana da yawa sosai, kuma kiyaye bayanan yana da wahala. Kuma idan kantin sayar da ya ƙara sabon tashar tushe ko yin wasu gyare-gyare, ainihin bayanan hoton yatsa na iya daina aiki. Don haka, yadda za a auna da zaɓi tsakanin daidaiton matsayi, jinkiri da farashi ya zama babban batu na sakawa ta Bluetooth.
Lalacewa: layin-hangen nesa ba ya shafar watsawar Bluetooth, amma ga mahalli masu sarƙaƙƙiya, kwanciyar hankali na tsarin Bluetooth ya ɗan yi rauni, yana tsoma baki da siginar amo, kuma farashin na'urorin Bluetooth da na'urori suna da tsada;
Aikace-aikace: Ana amfani da madaidaicin cikin gida na Bluetooth don gano mutane a cikin ƙaramin yanki, kamar ɗakin bene mai hawa ɗaya ko kantuna.
Fasaha wurin Wi-Fi
Akwai nau'ikan fasahar saka WiFi nau'i biyu, ɗaya ta hanyar ƙarfin siginar mara waya ta na'urorin hannu da wuraren shiga hanyar sadarwar mara waya guda uku, ta hanyar bambance-bambancen algorithm, don ƙara daidaita wurin mutane da ababen hawa. Sauran shine yin rikodin ƙarfin siginar ɗimbin wuraren da aka ƙayyade a gaba, ta hanyar kwatanta ƙarfin siginar sabbin kayan aikin da aka ƙara tare da babban bayanan bayanai don sanin wurin.
Abũbuwan amfãni: high daidaito, low hardware kudin, high watsa kudi; Ana iya amfani da shi don cimma hadadden matsayi mai girma, saka idanu da ayyukan sa ido.
Hasara: Shortan nisa watsawa, babban amfani da wutar lantarki, gabaɗaya tauraro topology.
Aikace-aikacen: Matsayin WiFi yana dacewa da matsayi da kewayawa na mutane ko motoci, kuma ana iya amfani dashi a cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya, wuraren shakatawa, masana'antu, kantunan kasuwa da sauran lokutan da ke buƙatar matsayi da kewayawa.
Fasaha sakawa na cikin gida RFID
Fahimtar mitar rediyo (RFID) fasahar sakawa ta cikin gida tana amfani da yanayin mitar rediyo, ƙayyadaddun eriya don daidaita siginar rediyo a cikin filin lantarki, alamar da aka haɗe da abu a cikin filin maganadisu bayan shigar da halin yanzu da aka samar don watsa bayanan, don musayar bayanai a cikin sadarwa ta hanyoyi biyu da yawa don cimma manufar ganowa da daidaitawa.
Identification Frequency Identification (RFID) fasaha ce ta sadarwa mara waya wacce za ta iya gano takamaiman manufa ta siginar rediyo da karantawa da rubuta bayanai masu alaƙa ba tare da buƙatar kafa haɗin injiniya ko na gani ba tsakanin tsarin ganowa da takamaiman manufa.
Siginonin rediyo suna watsa bayanai daga alamar da aka haɗe zuwa abu ta hanyar filin lantarki da aka kunna zuwa mitar rediyo don ganowa da bin abun ta atomatik. Lokacin da aka gane wasu alamomi, ana iya samun kuzari daga filin lantarki da mai ganowa ke fitarwa, kuma ba a buƙatar batura; Hakanan akwai alamun da ke da nasu tushen wutar lantarki kuma suna iya fitar da raƙuman radiyo (filayen lantarki da aka kunna zuwa mitocin rediyo). Alamun sun ƙunshi bayanan da aka adana ta hanyar lantarki waɗanda za a iya gano su a cikin ƴan mita. Ba kamar lambobin mashaya ba, alamun RF ba sa buƙatar kasancewa cikin layin ganin mai ganowa kuma ana iya saka shi cikin abin da ake sa ido.
Abũbuwan amfãni: Fasahar sakawa na cikin gida na RFID tana kusa sosai, amma tana iya samun daidaiton bayanan matakin matakin santimita a cikin 'yan milliseconds; Girman lakabin yana da ƙananan ƙananan, kuma farashin yana da ƙananan.
Rashin hasara: babu ikon sadarwa, ƙarancin hana tsangwama, ba sauƙin haɗawa cikin wasu tsarin ba, da tsaro da tsare sirrin mai amfani da daidaiton ƙasashen duniya ba cikakke ba ne.
Aikace-aikace: RFID matsayi na cikin gida an yi amfani da ko'ina a cikin shaguna, masana'antu, shopping malls a cikin kwarara na kaya, kayayyaki sakawa.
Fasaha sakawa na cikin gida Zigbee
ZigBee (ƙa'idar LAN mai ƙarancin ƙarfi dangane da ma'aunin IEEE802.15.4) fasahar sakawa ta cikin gida tana samar da hanyar sadarwa tsakanin nodes da yawa da za a gwada da nodes na tunani da ƙofa. Ƙungiyoyin da za a gwada a cikin hanyar sadarwa suna aika bayanan watsa shirye-shirye, tattara bayanai daga kowane kullin tunani na kusa, kuma zaɓi haɗin X da Y na kullin tunani tare da sigina mafi ƙarfi. Sa'an nan kuma, ana ƙididdige haɗin gwiwar sauran nodes da ke da alaƙa da kullin tunani. A ƙarshe, ana sarrafa bayanan da ke cikin injin sakawa, kuma ana la'akari da ƙimar kashewa daga kullin tunani mafi kusa don samun ainihin matsayin kumburin da ke ƙarƙashin gwaji a cikin babban hanyar sadarwa.
Layer na tsarin ZigBee daga ƙasa zuwa sama sune Layer na zahiri (PHY), Layer access Layer (MAC), Layer Network (NWK), Layer Application (APL) da sauransu. Na'urorin cibiyar sadarwa suna da matsayi uku: ZigBee Coordinator, ZigBee Router, da ZigBee End Device. Hanyoyin sadarwa na iya zama tauraro, itace, da hanyar sadarwa.
Abũbuwan amfãni: ƙananan amfani da wutar lantarki, ƙananan farashi, gajeren jinkiri, babban ƙarfin aiki da tsaro mai girma, nisa mai tsawo; Yana iya goyan bayan topology na cibiyar sadarwa, tsarin bishiyar bishiya da tsarin taurarin taurari, cibiyar sadarwar tana da sassauƙa, kuma tana iya gane watsawar Multi-hop.
Hasara: Yawan watsawa yana da ƙasa, kuma daidaiton matsayi yana buƙatar mafi girma algorithms.
Aikace-aikace: zigbee tsarin sakawa da aka yadu amfani a cikin gida sakawa, masana'antu iko, muhalli monitoring, kaifin baki gida iko da sauran filayen.
Fasaha sakawa UWB
Fasahar sakawa ta Ultra wideband (UWB) sabuwar fasaha ce, wacce ta sha bamban da fasahar sakawa ta hanyar sadarwa ta gargajiya. Yana amfani da kuɗaɗen anga da aka riga aka tsara da kuɗaɗen gada tare da sanannun matsayi don sadarwa tare da sabbin nodes ɗin makafi, kuma yana amfani da madaidaicin triangulation ko “sawun yatsa” don tantance matsayin.
Fasaha mara waya ta Ultra-Wideband (UWB) fasaha ce mai inganci ta cikin gida wacce aka gabatar da ita a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, tare da babban matakin ƙudurin lokaci na danosecond, haɗe tare da isowar lokaci na tushen lokaci algorithm, a ka'idar na iya isa daidaitaccen matsayi na centimita, wanda zai iya biyan bukatun sakawa na aikace-aikacen masana'antu.
An kasu gaba dayan tsarin zuwa matakai uku: tsarin gudanarwa, Layer sabis da Layer filin. Matsayin tsarin yana rarraba a fili kuma tsarin a bayyane yake.
Layin filin ya ƙunshi madaidaicin ma'anar Anchor da madaidaicin Tag:
· Gano Anchor
Wurin anga yana ƙididdige nisa tsakanin Tag ɗin da kanta, kuma yana aika fakiti zuwa injin lissafin wurin a cikin waya ko yanayin WLAN.
Wuri Tag
Alamar tana da alaƙa da mutum da abin da ake wurin, yana sadarwa tare da Anchor kuma yana watsa wurinsa.
Abũbuwan amfãni: GHz bandwidth, babban matsayi daidaito; Ƙarfafawa mai ƙarfi, sakamako mai kyau anti-multipath, babban aminci.
Lalacewa: Saboda sabon kumburin makahon da aka ƙara shima yana buƙatar sadarwa mai aiki, yawan wutar lantarki yana da yawa, kuma farashin tsarin yana da yawa.
Aikace-aikace: Za a iya amfani da fasaha mai girman gaske don gano radar, da kuma daidaitaccen matsayi na cikin gida da kewayawa a fagage daban-daban.
Ultrasonic sakawa tsarin
Fasahar sakawa na ultrasonic yana dogara ne akan tsarin tsarin ultrasonic kuma ya haɓaka ta hanyar yawan masu watsawa da kuma babban kewayon: ana sanya babban kewayon akan abin da za a auna, mai watsawa yana watsa siginar rediyo iri ɗaya zuwa madaidaiciyar matsayi na transponder, transponder yana watsa siginar ultrasonic zuwa babban kewayon kewayon bayan ya karɓi siginar, kuma yana amfani da hanyar kewayon tunani da algorithm triangulation don sanin wurin da abun yake.
Abũbuwan amfãni: Gaba ɗaya daidaitattun matsayi yana da girma sosai, ya kai matakin santimita; Tsarin yana da sauƙi mai sauƙi, yana da ƙayyadaddun shigarwa kuma ultrasonic kanta yana da ƙarfin hana tsangwama.
Rashin hasara: babban attenuation a cikin iska, bai dace da manyan lokuta ba; Matsakaicin tunani yana da tasiri sosai ta hanyar tasiri mai yawa da kuma yaduwar layin da ba a gani ba, wanda ke haifar da zuba jarurruka na kayan aiki na kayan aiki da ke buƙatar cikakken bincike da lissafi, kuma farashin ya yi yawa.
Aikace-aikace: An yi amfani da fasahar sakawa ta Ultrasonic sosai a cikin alƙalamai na dijital, kuma ana amfani da irin wannan fasaha a cikin binciken teku, kuma ana amfani da fasahar sakawa na cikin gida don saka abubuwa a cikin tarurrukan da ba su da matuƙa.
